Nausea and vomiting affect approximately 50% to 80% of pregnant women, making it the most common cause of hospitalization in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. Finding safe, effective relief for pregnancy discomforts can be challenging when many medications are off-limits. Acupuncture during pregnancy offers a drug-free approach that may provide the relief you’re seeking.
You may wonder whether acupuncture is safe during pregnancy. Research supports its safety and effectiveness when performed by qualified practitioners. Studies from 2021 and 2018 found acupuncture effective and safe for lower back pain. This traditional Chinese medicine practice involves inserting tiny metal needles into specific points on the body and has shown promising results for various pregnancy-related conditions.
Morning sickness, back pain, and stress are among the most common pregnancy challenges. Back pain affects more than 65% of women during pregnancy, while stress affects between 11.6% and 34.2% of pregnant women in developing countries. One notable study found that women who received tailored acupuncture treatments experienced a significant decrease in depression symptoms—even more than those who received general acupuncture or massage.
This guide explores the safety of acupuncture during pregnancy, its evidence-backed benefits, points to avoid, and what to expect during treatment. Whether you’re considering acupuncture for the first time or wondering if it’s appropriate during pregnancy, you’ll find the information you need to make an informed decision.
What is acupuncture and how does it work?
Acupuncture traces its roots back more than 2,500 years as an integral part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This therapeutic technique involves inserting very thin steel needles into specific points on the body to stimulate healing responses.
Understanding the concept of qi and meridians
The foundation of acupuncture rests on the concept of qi (pronounced “chi”), which represents the vital energy flowing through our bodies. According to TCM philosophy, this life force permeates everything in the universe and sustains physical and mental well-being. When qi flows freely, health flourishes; when blocked, illness may develop.
This energy travels through invisible pathways called meridians or “jing luo” in Chinese. Meridians function as energy highways connecting organs with various body parts. The body contains twelve primary meridians, each linked to specific organ systems and physiological functions. Along these channels lie approximately 2,000 acupuncture points where practitioners can access and influence the flow of qi.
Meridians exist in corresponding pairs with yin and yang qualities. The yin channels typically run along inside surfaces of the body, while yang channels traverse outside surfaces. This balance between yin and yang—negative and positive influences—is crucial for maintaining health.
How acupuncture stimulates the nervous system
From a scientific perspective, acupuncture works by stimulating the central nervous system. When needles penetrate acupuncture points, they trigger a cascade of physiological responses. These points act as access nodes to the nervous system, releasing chemicals into muscles, the spinal cord, and brain.
Research indicates that acupuncture can change the concentration of neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The practice also stimulates the release of endorphins—the body’s natural painkillers—and affects neurotransmitters that control nerve impulses.
Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture effectively influences the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions. It can help with various conditions including cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, anxiety, and fertility issues.
For reproductive health specifically, acupuncture may work by inhibiting central sympathetic nervous activity, potentially increasing blood flow to reproductive organs. It can also influence reproductive hormones by activating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Modern science vs traditional beliefs
While traditional acupuncture focuses on restoring balance to qi and meridians, modern medical acupuncture often approaches the practice through contemporary anatomy and physiology. This fundamental difference represents the primary distinction between traditional and modern approaches.
Traditional practitioners follow rules established centuries ago, using diagnostic methods like pulse examination and tongue appearance. They typically insert more needles for longer periods compared to modern approaches.
Scientific research continues to uncover acupuncture’s mechanisms. A 2022 Harvard Medical School study identified specific neurons that must be present for acupuncture to trigger anti-inflammatory responses, explaining why treatments work better in certain body regions than others.
Modern practitioners often enhance traditional techniques with technology, such as applying electrical stimulation to needles for more precise treatment. This electroacupuncture can strengthen the effects of traditional acupuncture by generating specific electrical signals.
Despite different explanatory models, both approaches acknowledge acupuncture’s effectiveness for numerous conditions, from pain management to nausea and stress reduction.
Is acupuncture safe during pregnancy?
Pregnant women often have questions about the safety of complementary therapies. Current evidence provides reassuring information about acupuncture’s safety profile during pregnancy.
General safety overview
Acupuncture is considered safe during pregnancy when performed by qualified practitioners with experience treating pregnant women. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) approves acupuncture for managing labor pain. Properly administered acupuncture poses minimal risks throughout most stages of pregnancy.
Unlike medications that might cross the placental barrier, acupuncture offers a drug-free approach to symptom relief. Most potential side effects are minor and include soreness at insertion sites, minor bleeding, bruising, or temporary dizziness.
Concerns about acupuncture during pregnancy historically stemmed from vague references in ancient Chinese medical texts and litigation fears rather than documented adverse outcomes. Proper technique and practitioner qualifications remain essential safety factors.
What the research says
Scientific evidence regarding acupuncture’s safety during pregnancy is reassuring. A 2014 study examining 105 studies reported a very low rate (1.3%) of mainly mild to moderate side effects from acupuncture during pregnancy. A 2019 study of more than 20,000 women in Korea found that acupuncture during pregnancy didn’t increase risks of preterm birth or stillbirth.
Regarding “forbidden points” in pregnancy, a systematic review found no objective evidence of harm from needling these points. Among 15 controlled clinical trials that included forbidden points in their protocols, adverse pregnancy outcomes consistently fell within expected limits and were equivalent to those in control groups.
The estimated incidence of adverse events with acupuncture in pregnant women is approximately 193 per 10,000 sessions, with most being mild in severity. Serious adverse events related to acupuncture are extremely rare, estimated at 0.01 per 10,000 sessions.
When to avoid acupuncture
Although generally safe, certain acupuncture points should be avoided during pregnancy, especially before 37 weeks. These commonly avoided points include:
- SP6 (Spleen 6): Located three fingers above the inner ankle bone
- LI4 (Large Intestine 4): Found between thumb and forefinger
- BL60 and BL67 (Bladder channel points)
- GB21 (Gallbladder 21): In the shoulder area
- LU7 (Lung 7)
- Points in the lower abdomen (CV3-CV7)
- Points in the sacral region (BL27-BL34)
Acupuncturists should not place needles in the abdominopelvic area after insemination or embryo transfer. You should avoid acupuncture completely if you have bleeding disorders, severe clotting issues, or infections at potential needle sites.
Pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies or concerns about preterm labor should consult their obstetricians before seeking acupuncture treatment. Although acupuncture may stimulate uterine contractions, studies suggest this doesn’t translate to adverse pregnancy outcomes in healthy pregnancies.
How to find a qualified practitioner
Finding an appropriately trained acupuncturist is vital for pregnancy safety. Look for practitioners who are:
- Licensed by their state and certified by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM)[111]
- Experienced in treating pregnant women specifically
- Knowledgeable about pregnancy-related modifications to standard treatments
You can visit www.nccaom.org to find a licensed and board-certified acupuncturist in your area. The NCCAOM practitioner search page is another helpful resource.
Before beginning treatment, have an open conversation with both your prenatal healthcare provider and potential acupuncturist about your health history, pregnancy status, and any concerns. Your acupuncturist should adhere to best practices including using sterilized disposable needles, maintaining a clean environment, and properly sealing acupuncture points with clean swabs.
Top benefits of acupuncture during pregnancy
Pregnancy brings joy but often includes uncomfortable symptoms that can affect your daily life. Acupuncture offers relief for numerous pregnancy-related conditions when conventional treatments may not be suitable.
Relief from morning sickness
Morning sickness affects between 50% to 90% of pregnant women. Traditional acupuncture significantly reduces nausea symptoms as early as two weeks into treatment. The Neiguan or Pericardium 6 (PC6) point, located on the wrist, has been extensively studied for its effectiveness in treating pregnancy-related nausea. A systematic review found that acupuncture combined with Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone in reducing symptoms. Unlike medications that might pose teratogenic risks, acupuncture for morning sickness is virtually void of unwanted side effects.
Reducing back and pelvic pain
Low back pain and pelvic discomfort are common throughout pregnancy. Studies show acupuncture can reduce pain intensity by 54-60% compared to just 12-14% in control groups. Beyond pain relief, functional status improves significantly following acupuncture treatments. The practice works by improving blood circulation, relaxing muscles, reducing inflammation, and regulating hormones in the affected areas.
Improving sleep quality
Nearly half of pregnant women experience sleep disturbances during their second trimester. Acupuncture effectively improves sleep quality by increasing melatonin secretion. In one controlled trial, women receiving acupuncture showed significant improvements in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (6.0±1.1 vs 12.1±2.0).
Managing stress and anxiety
Stress during pregnancy can lead to serious complications including high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Studies demonstrate acupuncture significantly decreases perceived stress with each session performed. After six acupuncture sessions, researchers noted substantial reductions in measurements of being upset, nervousness, tiredness, and anger.
Easing headaches and migraines
Migraines become problematic when most medications are contraindicated during pregnancy. Acupuncture offers a safe alternative with minimal side effects. Common symptoms during treatment are primarily relaxation, mild pain at insertion sites, and slight paresthesia.
Supporting emotional well-being
Approximately 10-15% of women experience depression during pregnancy. A Stanford University study found that women receiving depression-specific acupuncture experienced a 63% response rate, compared to 44% in control groups. This makes acupuncture particularly valuable since 94% of depressed pregnant women express reluctance to take antidepressants.
These benefits highlight why acupuncture serves as a useful approach for managing pregnancy discomforts naturally.
Acupuncture Points to Avoid During Pregnancy
Traditional Chinese Medicine has long recognized certain acupuncture points as potentially problematic during pregnancy. These “forbidden points” require special consideration to ensure mother and baby’s safety throughout gestation.
Why some points are considered risky
The concept of forbidden points originated in ancient Chinese medical texts, primarily because these points could potentially stimulate uterine contractions. Traditionally, practitioners believed these points possessed strong “descending” or “moving” qualities that could disrupt the delicate balance needed during pregnancy.
Certain acupuncture points can stimulate the nervous system in ways that affect the reproductive organs. Scientific research confirms that stimulating specific points may trigger uterine contractions or cervical changes. The caution stems from these points’ ability to powerfully influence qi and blood movement, potentially affecting the uterus.
Commonly avoided points
Most acupuncturists agree on avoiding these key points prior to 37 weeks of pregnancy:
- SP6 (Spleen 6): Located three fingers above the inner ankle bone, this junction point of liver, spleen and kidney meridians can strengthen contractions
- LI4 (Large Intestine 4): Found between thumb and forefinger, historically used for difficult labor
- BL60 and BL67: Bladder channel points traditionally associated with labor induction
- GB21 (Gallbladder 21): Located in the shoulder area, known for its strong descending action
- LU7 (Lung 7): On the lung channel, traditionally avoided
- CV3-CV7: Points in the lower abdomen where deep needling could potentially stimulate the uterus
- BL27-BL34: Points in the sacral region linked to uterine stimulation
When these points may be used safely
Many “forbidden” points become beneficial after 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. At this point, these same acupuncture points may actually be indicated for labor preparation or induction.
SP6, BL60, and BL67 (with moxa) have successfully been used for labor preparation, while observational midwifery feedback suggests they aid in cervical ripening and optimal fetal positioning. Practitioners may deliberately use LI4 and BL32 to stimulate contractions in overdue pregnancies.
Research indicates that even when forbidden points were used in clinical trials, adverse pregnancy outcomes consistently fell within expected limits. This suggests that additional factors beyond acupuncture stimulation determine the initiation of miscarriage or parturition.
What to expect during an acupuncture session
Your first acupuncture appointment as an expectant mother may feel unfamiliar, but understanding the process can help ease any concerns about this traditional treatment.
Initial consultation and assessment
Your acupuncturist will begin by discussing your symptoms, current health concerns, and pregnancy status. This conversation helps the practitioner create a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. You’ll need to share your complete medical history, current medications, and any pregnancy complications. The physical examination may include observing your tongue and checking your pulse on each side, as these provide insights into your overall health from a Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective.
How the session is performed
During treatment, you’ll be positioned comfortably, typically lying down. The acupuncturist inserts extremely thin needles at carefully selected points on your body. Each needle is gently tapped until reaching the proper depth. Acupuncture needles are much thinner than medical needles used for blood draws, typically causing only a slight pricking sensation. The needles usually remain in place for approximately 20 minutes. Your practitioner may apply additional techniques such as acupressure, cupping, or moxibustion.
How many sessions are typically needed
The frequency of acupuncture sessions varies based on individual needs and pregnancy stage. A good guideline is weekly treatments for about 12 weeks, followed by reassessment. First trimester treatments often focus on preventing miscarriage and managing nausea. During the second trimester, appointments may decrease to every 2-4 weeks. Weekly sessions starting at 34-36 weeks help prepare for birth as delivery approaches.
Possible side effects to watch for
Most potential side effects remain minor and include:
- Pain, redness, or bleeding at insertion points
- Headache or fatigue
- Dizziness or faintness
- Irritability or nausea
Contact your doctor immediately if you experience unusual contractions during or after a session unless you’re specifically seeking labor induction.
Conclusion
Acupuncture offers pregnant women a safe, drug-free option for managing common pregnancy discomforts. Research consistently supports its safety during pregnancy when performed by qualified practitioners who understand which points to avoid before full term. Most side effects remain minimal—primarily minor soreness or bruising at needle sites.
Women experiencing debilitating morning sickness often find relief after just a few sessions. Those suffering from pregnancy-related back pain report significant improvement compared to conventional treatments alone. Acupuncture also helps regulate sleep patterns and reduces stress hormones, creating a more comfortable pregnancy experience.
Finding a licensed practitioner with specific experience treating pregnant women remains essential for safety and optimal results. Ask potential acupuncturists about their training, certification, and pregnancy experience before booking your first appointment. Discuss your interest in acupuncture with your prenatal care provider to ensure this approach aligns with your overall pregnancy care plan.
Acupuncture has earned its place alongside modern medicine as a valuable tool for pregnancy wellness. The practice addresses discomforts that might otherwise detract from this special time while honoring both mother and baby’s wellbeing.
You can confidently consider acupuncture as a worthwhile option for many pregnancy-related conditions. This centuries-old practice might just provide the relief you need for a more comfortable pregnancy experience.
Key Takeaways
Research confirms that acupuncture is a safe, drug-free approach for managing common pregnancy discomforts when performed by qualified practitioners experienced in prenatal care.
• Acupuncture effectively treats morning sickness, back pain, sleep issues, and anxiety during pregnancy with minimal side effects • Certain acupuncture points (SP6, LI4, BL60) should be avoided before 37 weeks but become beneficial for labor preparation • Studies show only 1.3% mild side effects and no increased risk of preterm birth or stillbirth from pregnancy acupuncture • Find NCCAOM-certified practitioners with specific pregnancy experience for optimal safety and results • Weekly sessions for 12 weeks, then reassessment, typically provide the best outcomes for pregnancy-related symptoms
When conventional medications pose risks during pregnancy, acupuncture offers expectant mothers a time-tested alternative that works with the body’s natural healing mechanisms to promote comfort and well-being throughout this transformative journey.
FAQs
Q1. Is acupuncture safe for pregnant women? Acupuncture is generally considered safe during pregnancy when performed by qualified practitioners experienced in treating pregnant women. Research shows a very low rate of mild side effects and no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, certain acupuncture points should be avoided before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Q2. How can acupuncture benefit pregnant women? Acupuncture can provide relief for various pregnancy-related discomforts, including morning sickness, back and pelvic pain, sleep disturbances, stress, anxiety, and headaches. It offers a drug-free approach to managing these symptoms, making it an attractive option for many expectant mothers.
Q3. How often should pregnant women receive acupuncture treatments? The frequency of acupuncture sessions depends on individual needs and pregnancy stage. Generally, weekly treatments for about 12 weeks are recommended, followed by reassessment. As the pregnancy progresses, the frequency may decrease to every 2-4 weeks, with weekly sessions resuming around 34-36 weeks to prepare for birth.
Q4. Are there any acupuncture points to avoid during pregnancy? Yes, certain points are typically avoided before 37 weeks of pregnancy. These include SP6 (Spleen 6), LI4 (Large Intestine 4), BL60 and BL67 (Bladder points), GB21 (Gallbladder 21), and points in the lower abdomen and sacral region. However, these points may become beneficial for labor preparation after 37 weeks.
Q5. How do I find a qualified acupuncturist for pregnancy treatments? Look for practitioners who are licensed by their state, certified by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM), and experienced in treating pregnant women. You can use the NCCAOM practitioner search page to find a qualified acupuncturist in your area. Always consult with your prenatal healthcare provider before starting acupuncture treatments.